Card 12 of 13 · after the visit
draft for long reports · almost nothing to delegate in a short note

Sick notes, certificates, and formal reports

The staircase that started in Card 10 ends here: same defect, different reader, different ruler. There, a colleague inside confidentiality. Here, an employer, a school, a court, an insurer, and the same extra sentence becomes a confidentiality breach with legal consequences.

The case

Three lines that leave the consulting room and land in front of someone who is not bound by medical confidentiality, and who may have interests of their own in what those lines contain.

Guiding question: What is this document obligated to leave out?

Structuring a long reportDelegable
Answering listed questionsCopilot
Deciding what may appearYours
Whether and how long off workYours, with the patient
01 · What it does, and what it does not
What it does well

Structures long reports from what you provide, organizes answers to formal questions one at a time, and keeps a consistent register. In a long document, the draft saves real time.

What it does not do

Know what the patient authorized, or understand that the reader is not a clinician. In a three-line certificate, honestly, it has almost nothing to do for you.

Clinical design position · the inverted virtue

What makes the tool dangerous in this genre comes from training: for a model, a good answer is a complete and convincing one, and it writes for whoever is asking, you, rather than for whoever will read, the third party. A certificate inverts that virtue. It is the document whose merit is saying the least: it transfers the clinical conclusion without the substrate behind it. The model's instinct is to justify with detail. The genre demands the bare conclusion.

02 · Where it fails here
The justification nobody asked for

The model completes the certificate with clinical substrate: diagnosis, symptoms, medications, "the patient reports." Every extra detail is information handed to someone with no right to it, and some of it can be used against the patient by the person reading.

Diagnosis without consent

The code or the diagnosis in full goes in "to give the document weight." The universal principle: the tool does not presume authorization. What may appear is decided by you, based on the rule that applies to the case.

Fabrication in a document of record

The precise date you did not provide, the finding you did not report, the polished evolution. Card 10's failure at full voltage, because this paper can become evidence, and what you declare with your signature, you own.

03 · Judging who deserves time off
The category error

The model may question your decision to certify absence, and its duration: "guidelines advise against bed rest" as an argument against a second day.

Prescribing bed rest is a clinical intervention with its own evidence. Granting time off work is a decision about occupational demand, and taking someone off work is not prescribing a bed. The two rulers are not interchangeable, and the model blends them.

What actually decides it

Nothing in any guideline: the actual job, the lifting, the shift, the commute; the reported capacity; the right to recover with dignity; and the patient's own wishes, including the wish not to be off work.

That is a clinical and social ruler, yours together with the patient. The tool comes in after the decision, to write it up. Never before, to make it.

If the model pushes back

Use the trigger from Card 05: articulate why, and move on. A model's opinion about who deserves time off is not clinical data, and the prompt below states the decision as settled precisely so the draft does not reopen it.

04 · The safer workflow
01Genre and reader before any draft.A certificate: lay third party, minimal conclusion. A report: declared purpose, and the question the document exists to answer.
02Consent as a field.What the patient authorized to appear, stated explicitly. With no stated authorization, the default is no diagnosis. The consent itself gets recorded in the chart.
03Minimum necessary as an instruction.State the conclusion and the period; no diagnosis, symptoms, medications, history, or context beyond what you list as authorized and necessary.
04Only what was provided, gaps in brackets.No date, finding, or evolution you did not supply; anything missing becomes [confirm].
05For listed questions, one at a time, and then the review of the person signing.Answer what was asked, only what was asked, and say what is unknown: "cannot be determined" is a legitimate answer in a legal document. Then the hunt for excess: what can come out while the document remains valid for its purpose? Consent checked against what appears, dates against the case, and the genre's final test: would you stand behind every sentence if you had to?
Console · exercise

Cut the excess

The gesture here is the reverse of the other cards: instead of finding what is missing, you strike out what should not be there, until only the minimum valid document remains. Mechanical low back pain, three days off work, no consent for a diagnosis.

The drafted note
This is to certify that [name] was seen in consultation today, presenting with acute low back pain of mechanical origin (ICD M54.5), with severe pain on movement, currently taking an anti-inflammatory and a muscle relaxant, with a history of a similar episode in 2024. The patient reports work involving heavy lifting. She requires three (3) days off work, effective today.

Correctly formatted, professionally worded, and carrying five things that should not leave the room.

Strike by strike
consentThe diagnosis and the code. No consent was given. If the patient authorizes it, it comes back, with the authorization recorded. Without that, it does not exist.
substrate"Severe pain on movement" and the medications. Clinical substrate. The employer has a right to neither.
worst"A history of a similar episode in 2024." Two failures in one clause: it is substrate, and it is fabricated, since you never provided 2024. An invented history item in a document of record is the worst line on this page.
weapon"Work involving heavy lifting." Context that looks harmless and can become a weapon. In a workers' compensation dispute, that sentence works against the patient.
leftWhat remains: "This is to certify that [name] was seen in consultation today and requires three (3) days off work, effective today." Minimum, valid, and intact.
Notice how little is left

That is why this card's role badge is honest: in a short certificate, the tool has almost nothing to do for you. The real gain is in long reports; the risk lives in the short ones.

The one that is hardest to strike

The heavy lifting line reads like context, not like a disclosure. It is the item most people leave in, and it is the one most likely to be quoted back at the patient by someone with an interest in the outcome.

05 · Before you sign

0 of 6

Here, more than anywhere on this map, the review is not about what the text says. It is about what it was obligated to leave out.

The prompt
Draft a [work note / report / formal assessment] for
the purpose of [time off work / school / insurer /
answering the questions below].
The reader is a third party outside medical confidentiality.
Core rule: minimum necessary for the purpose. State the
conclusion ([requires X days off work / fit / unfit /
answers to the questions]) with no clinical substrate.
The need for time off and its duration are already decided by
me with the patient; do not question or adjust them.
The patient authorized including: [nothing beyond the
conclusion / the diagnosis in full / the code]. With nothing
listed, do not include a diagnosis.
Use only what I provided; no dates, findings, evolution, or
medications I did not give you; mark anything missing as
[confirm].
For listed questions: answer one at a time, only what was
asked; for anything unknown, write "cannot be determined."
Do not include identifiers; leave the identification field as
[name], to be completed outside this tool.
06 · Jurisdiction notes and evidence

The principles on this card are jurisdiction-agnostic. What may appear in a document for a third party, and under what consent, is not: those rules vary by country, by the document's purpose, and often by institution.

Where the local rule lives

Brazil. CFM and LGPD govern confidentiality, consent, and medical documents.

United States. Applicable federal, state, and institutional requirements, including HIPAA depending on the entity and the data flow.

Elsewhere. Applicable professional, institutional, and legal rules.

Evidence

Generated clinical documents have been rated highly on formal quality since 20231. Impeccable form in a medico-legal document is exactly what lets excess and invented detail slip past the person signing.

1 · Ali SR, Dobbs TD, Hutchings HA, Whitaker IS. Using ChatGPT to write patient clinic letters. Lancet Digital Health, 2023;5:e179-e181.

Educational content; synthetic document. Not a substitute for clinical judgment or for the rules on certificates, consent, and medico-legal documents that apply where you practice.